Single in Christ:
A Name Better Than
Sons and Daughters
April 29, 2007
By John Piper
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Isaiah 56:1-7
Thus says the Lord: "Keep justice, and do righteousness, for
soon my salvation will come, and my deliverance be revealed. 2 Blessed is the
man who does this, and the son of man who holds it fast, who keeps the Sabbath,
not profaning it, and keeps his hand from doing any evil." 3 Let not the
foreigner who has joined himself to the Lord say, "The Lord will surely
separate me from his people"; and let not the eunuch say, "Behold, I am a dry
tree." 4 For thus says the Lord: "To the eunuchs who keep my Sabbaths, who
choose the things that please me and hold fast my covenant, 5 I will give in my
house and within my walls a monument and a name better than sons and daughters;
I will give them an everlasting name that shall not be cut off. 6 "And the
foreigners who join themselves to the Lord, to minister to him, to love the
name of the Lord, and to be his servants, everyone who keeps the Sabbath and
does not profane it, and holds fast my covenant— 7 these I will bring to
my holy mountain, and make them joyful in my house of prayer; their burnt
offerings and their sacrifices will be accepted on my altar; for my house shall
be called a house of prayer for all peoples."
I will start and
end with my main point and, in the middle, cover a wide terrain of Scripture to
support it. My main point is that God promises those of you who remain single
in Christ blessings that are better than the blessings of marriage and
children, and he calls you to display, by the Christ-exalting devotion of your
singleness, the truths about Christ and his kingdom that shine more clearly
through singleness than through marriage and childrearing. The truths, namely,
1. That the
family of God grows not by propagation through sexual intercourse, but by
regeneration through faith in Christ; (1)
2. That
relationships in Christ are more permanent, and more precious, than
relationships in families (and, of course, it is wonderful when relationships
in families are also
relationships in Christ; but we know that is often not the case);
3. That marriage
is temporary, and finally gives way to the relationship to which it was
pointing all along: Christ and the church—the way a picture is no longer
needed when you see face to face;
4. That
faithfulness to Christ defines the value of life; all other relationships get
their final significance from this. No family relationship is ultimate;
relationship to Christ is.
To say the main
point more briefly: God promises spectacular blessings to those of you who
remain single in Christ, and he gives you an extraordinary calling for your
life. To be single in Christ is, therefore, not a falling short of God's best,
but a path of Christ-exalting, covenant-keeping obedience that many are called
to walk.
Better
Blessings Than Sons and Daughters
Now let's step
back and look at the Scriptures. And here let me give credit to Barry Danylak
for his research on this issue and his very helpful paper "A
Biblical-Theological Perspective on Singleness" (2006). Let's start in the
middle of the Bible at Isaiah 56:4-5,
Thus says the Lord: "To the eunuchs [those who cannot procreate but turn
their lives into a unique service instead of marriage] who keep my Sabbaths,
who choose the things that please me and hold fast my covenant, I will give in
my house and within my walls a monument (2) and a name better than sons and daughters; I will
give them an everlasting name that shall not be cut off."
God promises to
bless obedient eunuchs with blessings that are better than sons and daughters.
In other words, God promises those of you who remain single in Christ blessings
that are better than the blessings of marriage and children.
The Bigger
Picture in Redemptive History
But to see this
more clearly we need to get the bigger picture. In the created order that God
put in place before sin was in the world, and in the covenantal order that God
put in place with the Jewish people from Abraham to the coming of Christ, "God
is primarily building his covenant people through the mechanism of
procreation." (3) God was focusing his covenant-keeping faithfulness mainly on
an ethnic people. Therefore, being married and having offspring was of
paramount importance for one's name and one's inheritance and for the
preservation of God's covenant people.
Creation
So in Genesis
1:28, the first thing God says to Adam and Eve is, "Be fruitful and multiply
and fill the earth." And in the account of Genesis 2:18, when woman was not yet
created, God said, "It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make
him a helper fit for him."
Abraham and
Isaac
And when Abraham
was chosen as the father of God's people, God took him out and showed him the
stars and said, "So shall your offspring be" (Genesis 15:5). And when Abraham
could not have a son because of Sarah's barrenness, Abraham said, "Oh that
Ishmael might live before you!" But God answered, "No, . . . Sarah your wife
shall bear you a son." In other words, the physical offspring mattered. And it
would come in God's way.
God reaffirms
the same to Isaac in Genesis 26:3: "I will be with you and will bless you, for
to you and to your offspring I will give all these lands, and I will establish the oath that I
swore to Abraham your father." Again physical "offspring" are crucial for the
covenant.
David and
Saul
These offspring
are crucial not only for the preservation of the covenant but also because a
person's name would end without children. So Saul asks David to swear that he
will not cut off his offspring for the sake of his name. First Samuel 24:21:
"Swear to me therefore by the Lord that you will not cut off my offspring after
me, and that you will not destroy my name out of my father's house."
Levirate
Marriage and Ruth
Remember the
whole elaborate system of Levirate marriage—that is, the marriage of a
man to his deceased brother's wife so that the name of the deceased brother
would not be lost. The rule was that the first son born would bear the dead
brother's name. Deuteronomy 25:6: "The first son whom she bears shall succeed
to the name of his dead brother, that his name may not be blotted out of
Israel." That's an amazing provision for the perpetuation of the name through
physical seed.
The most famous
instance of this is when Boaz agreed to marry Ruth to preserve the name of
Elimelech her father-in-law and Mahlon her husband. Boaz said, "Ruth the
Moabite, the widow of Mahlon, I have bought to be my wife, to perpetuate the
name of the dead in his inheritance, that the name of the dead may not be cut
off from among his brothers and from the gate of his native place. You are
witnesses this day" (Ruth 4:10).
Jephthah's
Daughter
So you can see
how crucial marriage and offspring and the preservation of a name and an
inheritance were in Israel. No wonder that Jephthah's daughter asked for two
months not to bewail her impending death but that she was never married. Judges
11:37-38a: "She said to her father,'Let this thing be done for me: leave me
alone two months, that I may go up and down on the mountains and weep for my
virginity, I and my companions.' So he said,'Go.'"
Isaiah's
Prophecy: "He Shall See His Offspring"
All of this is
the background that makes Isaiah 56:5 shine like the sun to eunuchs and others
without marriage and children: "Thus says the Lord:'To the eunuchs who keep my
Sabbaths, who choose the things that please me and hold fast my covenant, I
will give in my house and within my walls a monument and a name better than
sons and daughters; I will give them an everlasting name that shall not be cut
off." So without marriage and without children. these covenant-keeping eunuchs
get a name and a memorial better than sons and daughters.
Where did this
amazing promise come from? What's the basis of it and what is it pointing
toward? Turn back to Isaiah 53. This is the great prophecy of the sufferings of
Christ who "was wounded for our transgressions [and] . . . crushed for our
iniquities" (Isaiah 53:5). In this chapter, we sometimes overlook these words
in verse 10: "It was the will of the Lord to crush him; he has put him to
grief; when his soul makes an offering for guilt, he shall see his offspring; he shall prolong his days; the will of
the Lord shall prosper in his hand."
He shall see
his offspring. Here is a
great prophecy: When the Messiah dies as an "offering for guilt" and rises
again to "prolong his days," he will by that great saving act produce many
children: He will "see his offspring." In other words, the new people of God
formed by the Messiah will not be formed by physical procreation but by the
atoning wash of Christ.
Which is why the
next chapter (Isaiah 54) begins, "'Sing, O barren one, who did not bear; break
forth into singing and cry aloud, you who have not been in labor! For the
children of the desolate one will be more than the children of her who is
married,' says the Lord" (Isaiah 54:1). And this is also why our text (Isaiah
56:5) says that unmarried covenant-keeping people will have "a monument and a
name better than sons and daughters . . . [and] an everlasting name that shall
not be cut off." In the true people of God formed by Jesus Christ, monuments,
names, offspring, and inheritances do not arise through marriage and
procreation.
Jesus, Paul,
and Peter
So when we come
now to the New Testament, Jesus makes clear that his people—the true
people of God—will be produced not by physical procreation but by
spiritual regeneration. So he says to Nicodemus, "Truly, truly, I say to you,
unless one is born again he cannot see the kingdom of God" (John 3:3).
And Paul says in
Galatians 3 to the Jews and Gentiles alike, "Know then that it is those of
faith who are the sons
of Abraham. . . . In Christ Jesus you are all sons of God, through faith" (Galatians 3:7, 26). In other words, it
is not physical descent from Abraham that makes you part of the covenant people
of God but faith in Christ.
And Peter says
that our inheritance comes not through marriage and offspring but through the
work of Christ and the new birth: "According to his great mercy, he has caused
us to be born again
to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, to an
inheritance that is imperishable, undefiled, and unfading, kept in heaven for
you" (1 Peter 1:3-4).
So Jesus and
Paul and Peter all say: Children are born into God's family and receive their
inheritance not by marriage and procreation but by faith and regeneration.
Which means that single people in Christ have zero disadvantage in bearing
children for God, and may in some ways have a great advantage. The apostle Paul
was single in Christ, and he said of his converts, "Though you have countless
guides in Christ, you do not have many fathers. For I became your father in
Christ Jesus through the gospel" (1 Corinthians 4:15). Paul was a great father,
and never married. And let him speak for single women in Christ in 1
Thessalonians 2:7: "We were gentle among you, like a nursing mother taking care
of her own children." So it will be said of many single women in Christ: She
was a great mother and never married.
A Radical Relational
Reordering
Take heed here
lest you minimize what I am saying and do not hear how radical it really is. I
am not sentimentalizing singleness to make the unmarried feel good. I am
declaring the temporary and secondary nature of marriage and family over
against the eternal and primary nature of the church. Marriage and family are
temporary for this age; the church is forever. I am declaring the radical
biblical truth that being in a human family is no sign of eternal blessing, but
being in God's family is means being eternally blessed. Relationships based on
family are temporary. Relationships based on union with Christ are eternal.
Marriage is a temporary institution, but what it stands for lasts forever.
"In the resurrection," Jesus said, "they neither marry nor are
given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven" (Matthew 22:30).
And when his own
mother and brothers asked to see him, Jesus said, "'Who is my mother, and who
are my brothers?' And stretching out his hand toward his disciples, he said,'Here are my mother and my brothers!'" (Matthew 12:48-49). Jesus is turning
everything around. Yes, he loved his mother and his brothers. But those are all
natural and temporary relationships. He did not come into the world focus on
that. He came into the world to call out a people for his name from all the
families into a new family where single people in Christ are full-fledged
family members on a par with all others, bearing fruit for God and becoming
mothers and fathers of the eternal kind.
"Blessed is the womb that bore you, and the breasts at which
you nursed!" a woman cried out to Jesus. And he turned and said, "Blessed
rather are those who hear the word of God and keep it!" (Luke 11:27).
The mother of
God is the obedient Christian—married or single! Take a deep breath and
reorder your world.
"Truly, I say to you, there is no one who has left house or
brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or lands, for my sake and
for the gospel," Jesus said, "who will not receive a hundredfold now in this
time, houses and brothers and sisters and mothers and children and lands, with
persecutions, and in the age to come eternal life" (Mark 10:29-30).
Single person,
marriage person, do you want children, mothers, brothers, sisters, lands?
Renounce the primacy of your natural relationships and follow Jesus into the
fellowship of the people of God.
Let Him Who
Is Able to Receive This Receive It
What shall we
say then in view this great biblical vision of the secondary and temporary
nature of marriage and procreation? We will say what Jesus and Paul said. Jesus
said in Matthew 19:12,
"There are eunuchs who have been so from birth, and there are
eunuchs who have been made eunuchs by men, and there are eunuchs who have
made themselves eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. Let the one who is able to receive
this receive it."
We need not take
this ("made themselves eunuchs") to mean any kind of physical sterilization any
more than we take Jesus' words "tear out your right eye" to mean physically
blinding ourselves. But it does mean that Jesus approves that some of his
followers renounce marriage and sexual activity for the sake of serving
Christ's kingdom. "Let him who is able to receive this receive it."
That is what
Paul chose for himself and what he encouraged others to consider in 1
Corinthians 7. "To the unmarried and the widows I say that it is good for them
to remain single as I am. . . . I want you to be free from anxieties. The
unmarried man is anxious about the things of the Lord, how to please the Lord.
But the married man is anxious about worldly things, how to please his wife . .
. . I say this . . . to secure your undivided devotion to the Lord" (1
Corinthians 7:8, 32-33, 35). In other words, some are called to be "eunuchs"
for the kingdom of God. Paul speaks about each having his own gift: "one of one
kind, one of another" (1 Corinthians 7:7). In other words, "Let him who is able
to receive this receive it."
Better
Blessings
So now we end
where we began with all this Scripture in our mind. God promises those of you
who remain single in Christ blessings that are better than the blessings of
marriage and children.
If someone asks,
wouldn't it be better to have both? The blessings of marriage and the blessings
of heaven? There are two answers to that question. One is that you will find
out someday, and better to learn it now, that the blessings of being with
Christ in heaven, are so far superior to the blessings of being married and
raising children and that asking this question will be like asking: Wouldn't it
be better to have the ocean and the thimble full? And the second answer is that
marriage and singleness both present us with unique trials and unique
opportunities for our sanctification. There will be unique rewards for each,
and which is greater will not depend on whether you were married or single, but
on how you responded to each.
So I say it
again to all singles in Christ: God promises you blessings in the age to come
that are better than the blessings of marriage and children.
Uniquely
Displaying the Glories of Christ
And with this
promise there comes a unique calling and a unique responsibility. It is not a
calling to extend irresponsible adolescence into your thirties. It is a calling
to do what only single men and women in Christ can do in this world, namely, to
display by the Christ-exalting devotion of your singleness the truths about
Christ and his kingdom that shine more clearly through singleness than through
marriage. As long as you are single, this is your calling: to so live for
Christ as to make it clearer to the world and to the church
1. That the
family of God grows not by propagation through sexual intercourse, but by
regeneration through faith in Christ;
2. That
relationships in Christ are more permanent, and more precious, than
relationships in families;
3. That marriage
is temporary, and finally gives way to the relationship to which it was
pointing all along: Christ and the church—the way a picture is no longer
needed when you see face to face;
4. And that
faithfulness to Christ defines the value of life; all other relationships get
their final significance from this. No family relationship is ultimate;
relationship to Christ is.
To him be glory
in the Christ-exalting drama of marriage and the Christ-exalting drama of the
single life. Amen
Notes:
1. I borrow here
from the expression of Barry Danylak, "A Biblical-Theological Perspective on
Singleness" (2006), p. 15. "The propagation of the people of God in the New
Testament occurs not through physical procreation as in the Old Testament, but
rather through spiritual regeneration." This is an unpublished paper and
reflects Barry's present doctoral studies at Cambridge University. This sermon
has drawn heavily on Barry's approach to the issue of singleness in the Bible.
2. The literal
translation of the Hebrew is: "within my walls a hand and a name better than sons and
daughters." For the sense behind the word hand (translated as monument), compare 2 Samuel 18:18 where Absalom
says, "'I have no son to keep my name in remembrance.' He called the pillar
after his own name, and it is called Absalom's hand to this day" (literal rendering, usually
rendered "monument"). Absalom had built this memorial by himself and for
himself (v. 18a). So he had extended his memory into the future by his own
hand. Perhaps then the
idea of hand is that the good that comes to us in the future or the memorial
that keeps us in remembrance in the future is our ongoing effect as though our hand were still active.
3. Barry
Danylak, "A Biblical-Theological Perspective on Singleness" (2006), p. 9.
Copyright 2007 John Piper. Used by
permission.